Gastric ulcers remain one of the most common and concerning health issues affecting horses in the UK today. Despite increased awareness and advances in equine management, recent studies suggest that up to 90% of performance horses and over 50% of leisure horses may experience some form of gastric ulceration during their lives. As we move into 2025, understanding how to recognise, prevent, and treat gastric ulcers is essential for every horse owner and yard manager.
This article covers:
- What are gastric ulcers in horses?
- Common clinical signs
- What to do if you suspect your horse has ulcers
- How to help prevent gastric ulcers in your horse
What Are Gastric Ulcers in Horses?
Gastric ulcers are painful erosions or sores in the lining of the horse’s stomach. They can impact horses of all ages, breeds, and disciplines, from racehorses and competition horses to leisure ponies. The condition is most often linked to modern management practices, such as limited access to forage, high-concentrate diets, and periods of stress or intensive exercise.
In their natural state, horses graze for 16 or more hours a day, which keeps stomach acid levels in balance. Forage and constant chewing stimulate saliva, a natural buffer against stomach acid. However, when horses are stabled, fasted, or fed large amounts of hard feed with restricted hay or grass, the acidity in the stomach rises, increasing the risk of ulcers. Stress, travel, frequent competition, and changes in routine can further contribute to the problem.
Clinical Signs of Gastric Ulcers in Horses
The symptoms of gastric ulcers can be subtle and are often mistaken for other issues. Common signs include:
- Reduced, inconsistent, or selective appetite (especially reluctance to eat hay)
- Weight loss or poor body condition
- Dull or lacklustre coat
- Changes in temperament, such as irritability, depression, or reduced performance
- Signs of mild, recurring colic, especially after eating
- Resistance or discomfort during ridden work (sometimes misinterpreted as back pain or naughtiness)
- Poor performance or reluctance to move forward
Diagnosis is confirmed by a veterinary gastroscopy, where a camera is used to view the stomach lining and assess the presence and severity of ulcers.
What Should You Do If Your Horse Has Gastric Ulcers?
If you suspect your horse may be suffering from gastric ulcers, consult your vet promptly. Early diagnosis and intervention are key to a successful outcome. Treatment typically involves:
- A course of omeprazole or other veterinary-prescribed medications to reduce stomach acid and allow healing
- Adjustments to feeding and management, such as increasing turnout, providing ad-lib forage, and reducing stress
- Regular monitoring and follow-up with your vet to ensure ulcers have healed
Most horses respond well to treatment, with significant improvement often seen within a month.
How Can You Help Prevent Gastric Ulcers?
Prevention focuses on minimising stress and maintaining a natural feeding pattern:
- Provide constant access to forage (hay, haylage, or grass)
- Avoid prolonged periods without food, especially when travelling or before exercise
- Limit the use of high-concentrate feeds; prioritise fibre in the diet
- Ensure turnout with compatible companions whenever possible
- Introduce changes to routine, diet, or exercise gradually
- Manage training and competition schedules to avoid excessive stress
Regular dental checks, appropriate worming, and addressing any underlying health issues are also important in reducing the risk.
Final Thoughts
Gastric ulcers are a significant welfare concern, but with modern knowledge and proactive management, they can be effectively prevented and treated. If you notice any changes in your horse’s appetite, behaviour, or performance, seek veterinary advice as soon as possible. Early intervention and a focus on natural, stress-free management are the best ways to support your horse’s digestive health in 2025 and beyond.
If in doubt about your horse’s health, always consult your vet for tailored advice.